quantitative and qualitative research approach - 1200 Words

The issue of quantitative and qualitative research approach has been discussed widely nowadays. Some people believe quantitative research approach is trustworthy than qualitative research approach. This essay will discuss the features of quantitative and qualitative research, and the reason why people believe quantitative research approach is trustworthy than qualitative research approach. Both quantitative and qualitative researches have been used as research approach recently. (What is the purpose of this para)(Combine with the first para?) As Fred Kerlinger (1999) has mentioned about quantitative research, â€Å"Theres no such thing as qualitative data. Everything is either 1 or 0†, quantitative research approach is an approach†¦show more content†¦Firstly, most of the researchers need to interact with people during collecting data. As researchers use tools such as questionnaires and interviews to collect data, they must interact with interviewees during the process. Although both of them ask questions in different ways, they are able to arrive at the desired answer through interacting with people. Besides, although qualitative research used verbal data to proceed their research mainly, sometimes numerical data is used. For instance, to determine how individual feels, opinion data is commonly used in the progress in qualitative research, using numbers one to five to find how individuals feel. It is a kind of numerical data since it produce numerical outcome, which researchers use to summarize the research. In addition, researchers need to use numerical data to support their hypothesis before conducting their research. If their hypothesis has no data to support, the credibility of it will be limited. Therefore, numerical data will be used in both of the research to support their argument. Moreover, researchers need to use their own data to develop their research and support their hypothesis. Although second hand resources may helpful to their research, it may be outdated or not appropriate to the research. Hence, primary data is important forShow MoreRelatedResearch Methodology : Research Project1402 Words   |  6 PagesRESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1. RESEARCH PARADIGM Stating a knowledge claim means that researchers start a project with certain assumptions about how they will learn and what they will learn during their enquiry. These claims might be called as paradigms (Lincoln Guba, 2000; Mertens, 1998); philosophical assumptions, epistemologies, and ontologies (Crotty, 1998); or broadly conceived research methodologies (Neuman, 2000). Philosophically, researchers make claims about what is knowledge (ontology), howRead MoreQuantitative vs Qualitative Research on which is Better1830 Words   |  7 PagesThere has always been a discussion as to which method of study was better: quantitative, or qualitative. The quantitative approach focuses more on quantifying data and generalizing results from a sample to a population of interest. The use of quantitative methods is used for general features of a population and to measure the incidence of various views and opinions in a chosen sample. Qualitative methods are used to gain an understanding of under lying reasons and motivations. This type of methodRead MoreQualitative Quantitative Research Methods1047 Words   |  5 PagesQualitative amp; Quantitative Research Methods PSY 326 Dr. Willow Aureala March 29, 2011 Qualitative amp; Quantitative Research Methods There are two types of research methods: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative research methods are complex meaningful analyses characterized by processes and meanings that are not measured in terms of mathematical measurements. Quantitative research however, relies and builds on mathematical procedures and methods, such as frequency, quality, amountRead MoreQualitative and Quantitative Approaches1126 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches RES/351 June 17, 2014 University of Phoenix Professor Pamela Campbell Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches Business researchers utilize various forms of approaches to analyze and obtain information and data, and two of the most popular approaches used are the qualitative research approach and quantitative research approach. Each approach can be beneficial or in some cases may cause inconclusiveRead MoreThe Three Methods Of Research1201 Words   |  5 Pagesthree methods of research to include qualitative, quantitative and mixed, (Creswell, 2014). Qualitative research provides the life story through narration, so we are able to identify and understand the human and social situation, (Creswell, 2014). Quantitative research focuses on the statistics, to include analyzing experimental data or survey outcomes, (Creswell, 2014). This method establishes the numeric aspects of research. According to the author, Creswell, (2014), Quantitative was the predominantRead MoreUse of Qualitative and Quantitative Research979 Words   |  4 PagesPart 1 - All research activities begin with a questio n. Research, in its most basic form is the process of answering that question, or questions. Academic research, though, is a systematic process of collecting and analyzing information so that it increases the understanding of the phenomenon under study (Holton Burnett, 2005). Regardless of the complexity or nature of the research project, there are at least eight characteristics that help define the process: 1) Research originates with a questionRead MoreThe Importance Of Quantitative And Qualitative Research1012 Words   |  5 PagesQualitative and qualitative analysis has been adopted since time immemorial in providing relevance to data. By description, a quantitative research employs numerical data to quantify the adversity of a situation; thus, it addresses effect (Jonassen, 2008). The quantitative analysis involves the use of scientific methods and statistical computations to transform data into a format that is easy to interpret (Polit, Beck, 2017). On the other hand, a qualitative study seeks to identify explanationsRead MoreQuantitative And Qualitative Research Design1695 Words   |  7 Pagesnumber of research methodologies to carry out, test, analyze and describe phenomena they are interested in studying. Among the most widely used methodologies are quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method (Cozby Bates, 2012, Garza Landrum, 2015; Leedy Ormrod, 2013; Creswell, 2013; Gergen, 2015). Qualitative and quantitative research designs, for example, are types of research approaches that provide clear directions on how to carry out a research plan (Creswell, 2013). The quantitative researchRead MoreSummary Of A Framework For Design By Creswell1536 Words   |  7 PagesSummary of ‘A Framework for Design’ by Creswell We now have many choices for research approaches. Author recommends that a general framework be adopted to provide guidance for all stages of research. Using still existing framework also allows researchers formulate ideas recognized by audiences who support proposals for research. This chapter introduces the reader to the three approaches to research quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches. To understand them Creswell considers threeRead MoreSOCIAL ENQUIRY METHODS assignment 1944 Words   |  4 Pages SATA FAHNBULLEH SOCIAL ENQUIRY METHODS ASSIGNMENT 1: RESEARCH METHODS If you wanted to examine young people’s experiences of homelessness, would you use qualitative methods, quantitative methods or a mixed methods approach? Explain your answer. Brief definition of homelessness The Australian Bureau of Statistic (2012) defines ‘homelessness’ based on a conceptual framework centred around

Bowlby The Father Of Attachment Theory - 1503 Words

Bowlby is considered to be the Father of Attachment Theory. He believed infants have a biological predisposition to form attachments with others because they depend on others to fulfill their needs for survival. He also believed attachment instinct could be activated by various threats, such as fear and separatism. This instinct is activated because primary caregivers allow infants to develop a sense of security and secure base for the infants to explore the world. The attachment theory developed when Bowlby sought better understanding of attachment through other fields such as evolutionary biology, ethology, developmental psychology, and cognitive science. Bowlby was very influenced by ethological theory, specifically Lorenz’s 1935 study†¦show more content†¦Bowlby’s system of behavior control operates metaphorically like a thermostat where it sets in motion or shuts down the activation of attachment behaviors when certain conditions are met. The system asks the underlying question, â€Å"Is the attachment figure nearby and attentive?† If the answer is yes, then the infant feels secured and behaviorally, will likely explore their environment and be sociable with others. On the other hand, if the answer is no, the child will experience anxiety and will display behaviors such as visual searching and active following. These behaviors will continue until the child reestablishes a desirable level of physical or psychological proximity to the caregiver. Another way the behavior will end is if the infant becomes worn down due to prolonged separation. Overall, there are three main features of Bowlby’s theory. These consist of infants and caregivers having an innate programming to become attached, a critical period, which is the time that in which the biological process of attachment takes place, and the continuity hypothesis, which basically states that attachment plays a role in later development. Bowlby says that attachment is inherited to improve survival and that infants are born â€Å"programmed† to become attached and parents are â€Å"programmed† also to attach. In order for this interaction to take place, social releasers have to be

The Various Shades of George Bernard Shaw Free Essays

Topic 1: What is Andragogy and how is it relevant to training and development? Andragogy is the term used to describe ‘the art and science of teaching adults’ (Delahaye, 2011). It focuses on the post-school vocational education, where the adults learning needs are the main importance and also should allow them to take responsibility for their own learning (Delahaye, 2011). In this sense, the differences between andragogy and pedagogy are related to not only the way content is taught, but also the progression of learning. We will write a custom essay sample on The Various Shades of George Bernard Shaw or any similar topic only for you Order Now Andragogy is relevant to training and development as concerns with the practical issues of trainers are coming into existence in relation to an effective way of using resources and the most suitable training methods (Jones, 1980). Therefore, as advances in knowledge are increasing, training and development programs need to be constantly altered and maintained to ensure that employees (adults) are processing this information. Andragogy is conceptualised in literature through conducting research to address what exactly is andragogy and what are the main issues in accordance to training and development. In relation to police training and development, police officers valued four distinct areas – engagement, practicality, affiliation, and efficiency (Olivia, 2009). Firstly, police officers valued classrooms that were ‘interesting and inspiring’ (Olivia, 2009), as they preferred trainers who were enthusiastic and engaged their students. Police officers also preferred the content being delivered that can be applied to their own real-life experiences on the job. Officers really emphasised the importance of the classroom environment in relation to social interaction and classroom layout. Police officers that were involved in the training and development session wanted a chance to interact with others, including the trainer. This allowed for them to learn from eachothers’ experiences (Olivia, 2009). It was also reported that the classroom should be laid out in a manner that provides the trainer the opportunity to deliver the content in an ‘efficient and effective manner’ (Olivia, 2009). They preferred classes that were well managed in relation to the time period. Therefore, it is demonstrated in research and results that andragogy is all about the motivation and preferences of the student. It is also mentioned that andragogy is ‘a learning theory, not a teaching theory’ (Mc Auliffe, 2009). Andragogy is explained through the ‘andragogical model’ composed by Knowles (Mc Auliffe, 2009). This model addresses the issues on the learning process of adults. There are four issues that make up this model. Firstly, it is important to explain to the student why they need to learn a particular topic. Secondly, the trainer has to show the learner how to direct themselves through the content, so that they can take responsibility and be motivated to learn. The content also has to enable the student to be able to relate their own experience to the components being delivered. An adult learner needs to have a ‘life-centered, task-centered or problem-centered’ (Mc Auliffe, 2009). Adults prefer to learn when they are ready and motivated to do so. Through conducting research and going back to the words of academics, it is explained in literature what andragogy is (in a practical sense) and its utter most importance in training and development programs. There are many differences between andragogy and the way children learn. They differ in relation to certain characteristics about learning. For example, the need to know, the learner’s self-concept, the role of experience, the readiness to learn, the orientation to learning and motivation (Delahaye, 2011). It is shown that children are being spoon fed content in a controlled environment, where they are more influenced by external factors. In andragogy, it is all about the needs, the experiences and self-motivational factors of the adult. For contrast, the pedagogical model developed by Knowles (Mc Auliffe, 2009) involved the communication of knowledge and skills, where ‘the teacher decides in advance what knowledge or skill needs to be transmitted’ (Mc Auliffe, 2009). It is then that it is up to the teacher when and how information is going to be taught. Pedagogy is a teaching theory, not a learning one (Mc Auliffe, 2009). Andragogy is therefore the transition from school education to post-school education. Andragogical principles is a process of providing techniques and relevant resources to help adults obtain the knowledge and skills and also allow the trainer to prepare to involve them in the learning process. Therefore for adults to develop on their skills and knowledge, it is important that they want to learn and are motivated to do so. Without this, there would be no progression. In connection with the design of the tutorial training session, I believe that andragogy is going to be very useful. In a classroom, at one point in class, a majority of the group get ‘bored’ and drift off in their own world. So therefore, it is important to ensure to come up with an activity that everyone can have fun with and would want to participate in. With the importance of ensuring that students know why the need to learn, how they are going to go about learning and the amount of relativeness to their past experiences, the training session needs to be something that everyone can relate to. Everyone needs to be involved in the process of learning the desired knowledge and skills. Andragogy is all about the culture, systems and structures that make up the adult learning environment (Nicholas, 2008), which is key for a successful training session. In conclusion, Andragogy is all about the needs and experiences of the learning process of the adult. It transcends from pedagogy, in a sense that the learning process has moved focus from a spoon fed controlled environment, to a different environment where the progression of learning is the student’s responsibility. This is relevant and very important to training and development, because, in reality, adults cannot be spoon fed the knowledge and skills needed in the working environment. They need to be more motivated and be informed of the reasons and procedures of training and development programs in order to progress and accept that they need to learn. How to cite The Various Shades of George Bernard Shaw, Papers

Importance to Details in Law Enforcement free essay sample

The importance to detail in law enforcement is necessary. We need to pay close attention to everything that is going on around us. We need to listen to everything said around us. If we do not pay attention to detail it can cost us our jobs and our lives. Attention to detail in law enforcement is important because we must ensure the right person is arrested and prosecuted for the offenses they have committed. We owe this to the community to ensure their safety and well-being. Details of our environment are important to know what is going on around us at all times. We should be able to recognize if someone is on the verge of committing a crime or is in the process of committing a crime. One mistake can be our last mistake. For example, if we receive a call from dispatch and the dispatcher is saying the suspect is armed and we hear the suspect is unarmed this can be a fatal mistake. With this new position, I can understand how details are even more important. Details are important in every step of our job. Listening to details when conducting interviews is important in order not to violate any rights entitled to the accused. Details are important to apply the right statue to the offense; we would not want to charge a person with manslaughter when the offense committed was murder. Details are important to us when we conduct searches and seizures; we need to ensure our warrants are written to search all areas than need to be searched and all items written that need to be seized. No matter how we may be feeling on any given day, we must always be at the top of our game. Many people rely on us to do our job to the best of our abilities. Our department, our fellow investigators, the victims and their families, our superiors, the courts, and our own families all depend on us to do the best job we can do so that justice can be served and we can return home to our families safely. Paying close attention to details plays an important role in our communities as well. We are role models and heroes for the youth in our communities. Whether we know it or not we set examples every day we leave our homes. People are constantly watching us and judging us as law enforcement officers. Law enforcement officers can be and are held to a higher standard than the rest of the community. The standard is higher because we know the law and enforce the law. The importance to detail in this aspect is to make sure we do not violate the law in any way as we lead our lives. I can relate to the importance of details in law enforcement with my previous position as a Corrections Officer and Sergeant. In both positions, if the details were incorrect, situations could become uncontrollable. For example, if the count on a housing unit was eighty inmates but when I took the count there were only seventy-five inmates, I had to be accountable for those inmates not on the housing unit. If I did not have the location of the so-called missing inmates that would cause a Code-99, which means there, may be an escape in progress. As a supervisor, when I arrived at an inmate work detail I would inspect the shadow board and take note of the tools that were missing. I would cross-reference the detail’s logbook to make sure the Officer properly filled in the proper information. The Officer’s log must indicate when the tool was issued, to which inmate and were the inmate’s workstation was located. If these things were not logged then a possible weapon was now available to the inmate population and the Officer, as well as myself, would be facing disciplinary action. As a supervisor, I also needed to pay close attention to what my superiors said to me or expected of me. These details were especially important because if I needed to relay any directives to my Officers these directives would have to be exact. I could not just assume. In my positions, both as an Officer and Sergeant, assuming can leave me in one of three places. The first place is the unemployment line, the second place is the hospital, or the third place is the morgue. No detail is too simple or minor to over look. Details can be double-checking the equipment issued to us before we accept it and use it. Details can be as simple as checking the windshield washer fluid in the vehicle to as important as chambering a round in your weapon before holstering it. I mention these specific details because they were always ignored by fellow Corrections Officers, both when I was their partner and their supervisor, and I would always advise them to chamber the round and make sure there is washer fluid in the van. Chambering the round because it is not as the movies were you chamber right before a gunfight. In addition, the washer fluid because once we are in service to another prison with inmates we cannot stop until we are out of service at the final destination and the inmate is in their custody. In the Basic Investigator Academy, the importance to detail teaches us the skills we will need once we graduate and start our careers as Investigator in our respective departments. Details are important everyday in the academy. When we arrive on base and greet the security guard, making our bunks on Monday morning, wearing the proper physical training gear for both physical training and defensive tactics, and checking each other to make sure we are uniformed are just a few examples of how we must pay attention to detail as law enforcement officers. By showing, we can follow the rules, regulations, directions of our instructors and comprehending the academic material given to us, we can show we understand the importance to detail in law enforcement.